FLANGES & FITTINGS

Fittings are pipe accessories used to change direction, size, or function in a piping system. They help connect straight runs of pipe, branch off to other lines, or adapt to different pipe sizes—making systems flexible and functional.

Common fittings include:

Used to change flow direction, typically available in 45° and 90° angles. Common in routing pipe around obstacles.

T-shaped fittings that create a branch line from a main run.

Used to connect two pipes of different sizes.

• Concentric Reducers — align centers
   
• Eccentric Reducers — align top or bottom surfaces
   

Short fittings that connect two pieces of pipe of the same size, often used for repair or extension.

• Caps cover the end of a pipe externally
   
• Plugs cover the end internally
  Both seal off pipe ends during fabrication or maintenance.
   

Four-way fitting used when multiple branch lines are needed (less common than tees).

Fittings are available in butt-weld, threaded, socket weld, and grooved connection styles to match different installation needs.

 Flanges are flat, round connection pieces used to join pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. They provide a strong, removable joint that can be bolted together with gaskets in between to ensure a tight seal. Flanges come in different types and pressure classes to suit a variety of industrial systems.

Common flange types include:

• Weld-Neck Flanges — tapered hub provides strength and smooth flow transition
   
• Slip-On Flanges — slide over pipe and are welded for simple installation
   
• Blind Flanges — seal the end of a pipe or vessel
   
• Socket-Weld Flanges — for high-pressure, small-diameter piping
   
• Lap-Joint Flanges — paired with a stub end for easy alignment
   

Flanges are typically specified by size, class (pressure rating), and facing (e.g., raised face).